索拉纳(Solana)命令行(CLI)钱包及基本操作

在Solana CLI中，钱包主要分为以下三类

• Paper Wallet(纸钱包)
• File System Wallet(文件系统钱包、FS钱包)
• Hardware Wallets(硬件钱包)

生成的钱包公钥其实就是钱包地址，官方文档请参考Command Line Wallets。

File System Wallet

把未加密的密钥对存放在一个JSON文件里面，Solana每次操作时需要指定文件路径，因为是一个文件，所以安全性相对会比较差

• 创建文件钱包

$ solana-keygen new --outfile ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json
Generating a new keypair

For added security, enter a BIP39 passphrase

NOTE! This passphrase improves security of the recovery seed phrase NOT the
keypair file itself, which is stored as insecure plain text

BIP39 Passphrase (empty for none):

Wrote new keypair to /root/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json
==========================================================================
pubkey: 8vxsHAq9rCdy4bpH1wKNrNVy6qHismAdFbFv9dAXncXn
==========================================================================
Save this seed phrase and your BIP39 passphrase to recover your new keypair:
nut angry advance laptop hybrid zero equip accident skin clock canoe evoke
==========================================================================

请不要此文件分享于互联网，如果有人拿到你的钱包文件，会把你的币都转走的，记得保存好助记词。

• 查看钱包公钥

$ solana-keygen pubkey ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json
8vxsHAq9rCdy4bpH1wKNrNVy6qHismAdFbFv9dAXncXn

• 验证fs钱包文件对应的公钥是否正确

$ solana-keygen verify 8vxsHAq9rCdy4bpH1wKNrNVy6qHismAdFbFv9dAXncXn ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json
Verification for public key: 8vxsHAq9rCdy4bpH1wKNrNVy6qHismAdFbFv9dAXncXn: Success

如果验证成功则返回Success，否则返回Failed

• 从助记词中恢复钱包

先备份钱包文件

mv my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json.orig

加入钱包文件丢失，我们可以通过助记词进行恢复

$ solana-keygen recover --outfile ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json
[recover] seed phrase: # 输入助记词
[recover] If this seed phrase has an associated passphrase, enter it now. Otherwise, press ENTER to continue:
Recovered pubkey `8vxsHAq9rCdy4bpH1wKNrNVy6qHismAdFbFv9dAXncXn`. Continue? (y/n): y
Wrote recovered keypair to /root/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json

恢复完成之后我们对比一下和之前备份的钱包文件是否一致

diff ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json.orig

Paper Wallet

• 创建钱包

纸钱包不会生成文件，每次创建会把所有信息输出到屏幕中，我们需要保存输出的内容

$ solana-keygen new --no-outfile
Generating a new keypair

For added security, enter a BIP39 passphrase

NOTE! This passphrase improves security of the recovery seed phrase NOT the
keypair file itself, which is stored as insecure plain text

BIP39 Passphrase (empty for none):

===========================================================================
pubkey: 4wr536h23WLB8WhXyZ2vV4RazNRmoRnhhb8zgKJD9Nqq
===========================================================================
Save this seed phrase and your BIP39 passphrase to recover your new keypair:
column melt drift tone age fall coral sponsor derive chef marriage language
===========================================================================

• 通过助记词查看公钥

$ solana-keygen pubkey ASK
[pubkey recovery] seed phrase: # 输入助记词
[pubkey recovery] If this seed phrase has an associated passphrase, enter it now. Otherwise, press ENTER to continue:
4wr536h23WLB8WhXyZ2vV4RazNRmoRnhhb8zgKJD9Nqq

• 验证密钥对

solana-keygen verify 4wr536h23WLB8WhXyZ2vV4RazNRmoRnhhb8zgKJD9Nqq ASK

基本操作

我这里用测试网，方便领取空投

• 获取空投

空投每次最多领取10个SOL

solana airdrop 10 <RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>

fs钱包

$ solana airdrop 10 -k ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>
Requesting airdrop of 10 SOL

Signature: 26gSkMLHBDmBEdDiMBMrEjcbF7RdJpgKU56xDA4MTEV6Nh86wTE7gM5c6nfjt6rNrBmTwvYavzUefbQwJLb7GFg3

10 SOL

纸钱包

$ solana airdrop 10 4wr536h23WLB8WhXyZ2vV4RazNRmoRnhhb8zgKJD9Nqq --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>
Requesting airdrop of 10 SOL

Signature: 3hf3Eeosfko8gyXi45iHBh2Sm8ywpmXDMNqPN5RYp6RoSxr69Fy1CVzDgENFbuE3P7G3gbt6MBB9xa24VxZRUK5T

10 SOL

• 查看账户余额

语法

solana balance <ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>

查看纸钱包余额

$ solana balance 4wr536h23WLB8WhXyZ2vV4RazNRmoRnhhb8zgKJD9Nqq --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>
10 SOL

查看fs钱包余额

$ solana balance -k ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>
10 SOL

• 转账

语法

solana transfer --from <KEYPAIR> <RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> 5 --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com> --fee-payer <KEYPAIR>

我们从FS钱包转账5个SOL到纸钱包

$ solana transfer --from ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json 4wr536h23WLB8WhXyZ2vV4RazNRmoRnhhb8zgKJD9Nqq  5 --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com> --fee-payer ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json

Signature: 23wT9zrruUHBfun7wMvvonEi14GRd15ZdojcecEuKQfn4PVqAYHnwELgjRkFxtGXarorbhAWfay9zeXK1tEGx7Wt

再次查看两个钱包的余额

$ solana balance -k ~/my-solana-fs-wallet-keypair.json --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>
4.999995 SOL
$ solana balance 4wr536h23WLB8WhXyZ2vV4RazNRmoRnhhb8zgKJD9Nqq --url <https://api.devnet.solana.com>
15 SOL