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部署个人的比特币DNS Seed
什么是DNS Seed？
通常我们希望在运行一个bitcoin节点时，程序可以实现节点在启动的时候自动发现活跃的节点信息，自动进行连接和同步。
bitcoin源代码中，会在程序内硬编码几个DNS域名到代码中，节点会从默认程序配置的种子节点获取获取其他bitcoin节点，以进行数据同步。
bitcoin-seeder是社区开发并进行维护的，下面我们将部署将使用bitcoin-seeder。
编译
首先我们需要运行一个Docker容器
docker run --name dnsc --hostname dnsc -d -it --net host debian:11
or
docker run --name dnsc --hostname dnsc -d -it -p 53:53/udp debian:11
因为bitcoin-seeder会用到53端口，我们需要让防火墙把53端口允许访问
ufw allow 53/udp
进入容器
docker exec -it dnsc bash
安装所需要的软件包
apt update && apt install build-essential libboost-all-dev libssl-dev dnsutils git net-tools -y
下载源码
git clone https://github.com/sipa/bitcoin-seeder.git
编译程序
cd bitcoin-seeder
make
运行
创建工作目录
mkdir -p ~/deploy/dnsc
mv dnsseed ~/deploy/dnsc/
cd ~/deploy/dnsc/
通过以下的指令运行，此时窗口不要关闭，等待采集节点信息
./dnsseed --testnet -h localhost -n localhost -m info@ansheng.me
查看监听的端口
$ netstat -tulnp | grep 53
udp6 0 0 :::53 :::* 6033/./dnsseed
大概等两分钟之后会有下面的输出，已经扫描出有1321个节点是活跃可用的
[22-07-25 07:31:01] 33/2834 available (128 tried in 54s, 1385 new, 1321 active), 0 banned; 0 DNS requests, 0 db queries
测试
我们通过dig进行测试
$ dig localhost @localhost
; <<>> DiG 9.16.27-Debian <<>> localhost @localhost
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42050
;; flags: qr aa rd ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 26, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;localhost. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
localhost. 3600 IN A 37.187.130.92
localhost. 3600 IN A 2.86.29.42
localhost. 3600 IN A 52.213.124.148
localhost. 3600 IN A 198.200.30.38
localhost. 3600 IN A 109.233.61.10
localhost. 3600 IN A 5.9.5.135
localhost. 3600 IN A 51.91.221.142
localhost. 3600 IN A 62.171.128.32
localhost. 3600 IN A 18.158.238.143
localhost. 3600 IN A 142.93.23.235
localhost. 3600 IN A 23.88.49.107
localhost. 3600 IN A 31.14.40.18
localhost. 3600 IN A 54.229.31.42
localhost. 3600 IN A 3.68.67.193
localhost. 3600 IN A 18.183.173.67
localhost. 3600 IN A 94.130.108.38
localhost. 3600 IN A 91.121.146.198
localhost. 3600 IN A 44.193.18.162
localhost. 3600 IN A 144.24.252.39
localhost. 3600 IN A 47.243.91.250
localhost. 3600 IN A 5.9.121.164
localhost. 3600 IN A 195.201.95.119
localhost. 3600 IN A 161.35.142.235
localhost. 3600 IN A 95.217.203.42
localhost. 3600 IN A 71.171.85.29
localhost. 3600 IN A 185.75.76.62
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
localhost. 40000 IN NS localhost.
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul 25 07:48:37 UTC 2022
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 466
发布到互联网
要想将我们的seed发布到互联网，我们需要准备一个域名，比如我的域名是ansheng.me，我们需要添加一条A记录和一条NS记录，如下所示
查看NS记录是否生效，这里有一条NS记录seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me解析到ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me
$ dig -t NS seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me
; <<>> DiG 9.16.27-Debian <<>> -t NS seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37438
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: 4e881a311ae6ce46 (echoed)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN NS ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me.
;; Query time: 369 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.11#53(127.0.0.11)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul 25 07:54:36 UTC 2022
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 81
查看A记录是否生效，ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me.指向DNSc服务器35.77.82.104
$ dig -t A ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me
; <<>> DiG 9.16.27-Debian <<>> -t A ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 34662
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: 4ee23c19cb8afd8f (echoed)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 35.77.82.104
;; Query time: 5 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.11#53(127.0.0.11)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul 25 07:55:42 UTC 2022
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 78
然后通过下面的指令重启dns seed
$ ./dnsseed --testnet -h seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me -n ns.bitcoin.ansheng.me -m info@ansheng.me
等待刚才添加的记录生效后，在其他机器上面通过dig进行测试
$ dig seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me
; <<>> DiG 9.16.27-Debian <<>> seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35152
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 24, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
; COOKIE: d399947f019e28ed (echoed)
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 3.126.103.252
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 135.148.53.183
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 185.186.208.124
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 3.68.67.193
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 167.179.98.113
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 157.90.183.149
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 217.26.47.10
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 5.2.64.188
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 82.221.143.75
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 176.223.134.130
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 144.24.252.39
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 176.9.71.156
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 154.12.243.171
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 34.89.83.126
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 178.18.253.7
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 189.123.177.128
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 3.131.152.8
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 18.176.119.138
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 13.229.93.115
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 44.238.21.47
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 95.217.203.42
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 18.140.86.31
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 74.220.255.190
seed.bitcoin.ansheng.me. 4502 IN A 3.91.2.117
;; Query time: 102 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.11#53(127.0.0.11)
;; WHEN: Mon Jul 25 07:57:11 UTC 2022
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 448